NBCD - Air Raid Precautions

The dictionary also included some tables and charts which are reproduced below:

Civil Defence Corps Organisation

Civil Defence Corps Organisation

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Report Channels

First Bomb or Flare
Warden or Spotter—Post—Control Centre—Zone.

Fire
Warden (or anyone observing Fire)—Fire Service.

Incident resulting in Local Area of Damage
1. Warden—Post—Control Centre—CD Depot (for despatch of skeleton services). Zone.*
2. Warden or DCO—Post— Control Centre—CD Depot (for despatch of additional services). Zone*
3. DCO—Post—Control Centre (for further services and for technical assistance). Zone*

(Note: The above channels are for when communications function normally. In cases where there are minor breakdowns of communications, Wardens and DCOs may, if necessary, send reports to adjacent Posts, to Area HQ, or direct to Control Centre, whichever is easiest to reach.)

Complete Breakdown of Communications
Warden or DCO—Area HQ—Control Centre.

Crash Raid or Atom Bomb
Warden or DCO—Area HQ (Area Control Officer becomes Controller's
deputy, and may communicate direct with Zone if necessary).

For Mobile Forces (Reserves)
Controller (or Area Control Officer in special circumstances)—Zone (and Region if necessary).

* Zone will be informed by Control Centre if important structures (certain listed buildings, bridges, etc.) are damaged, if additional services are required on loan from other Divisions, and in various other special circumstances (e.g., the presence of persistent war gas, agents of biological warfare, etc.).

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Duties of DCO and Staff

Damage Control Officer

  1. On arrival at his area of damage, the DCO establishes his HQ (upwind of incident) and informs his Post of its precise location (Post will inform Control Centre).
  2. Makes contact with patrolling Wardens and obtains from them general report of situation.
  3. Instructs Casualty Warden to establish a loading ground for casualties.
  4. Instructs available Wardens in their various tasks, and instructs services on arrival where they shall park their vehicles and in what part of the area they are to work.
  5. Makes reconnaissances of area as required.
  6. Maintains despatch of reports to Post as they are required. (If any services ordered do not arrive within 30 minutes, he re-orders them by Supplementary Report.)

Note: A DCO is distinguishable at any area of damage by the colour of his helmet, which is white with green, amber, and red bands. His HQ is marked by a green, amber, and red pennant in daylight and by a single amber lamp at night.)

Casualty Warden

  1. Establishes and marks loading ground for casualties (indicated by white board with red, amber and green "target" in daylight, and triangle of three red lamps at night.
  2. Keeps detailed record on log sheet of all casualties, giving name, where found, destination and nature of injury of each.
  3. Checks over Census Cards with DCO's Clerk.
  4. Establishes temporary mortuary, if required.
  5. Finds suitable under-cover accommodation for Mobile Aid Post, if required.

DCO's Clerk

  1. Keeps detailed log of arrival and departure of all services.
  2. Prepares all Reports and has them initialled by DCO and despatched.
  3. With Casualty Warden, checks over all Census Cards.
  4. Takes charge in the absence of the DCO from his HQ.

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Casualty Data

The figures given below are necessarily very approximate, and are based upon the assumption that people will be in reasonable cover (i.e. their homes, ordinary public buildings, etc.). The figures will be lower where shelter facilities are good; higher where people have been caught in the open without warning, or have neglected to take any cover at all.

Casualties per ton HE

Area Types of buildings People per acre Killed Injured Total
Built-up Flats, large unframed buildings 50-70 20 60 80
Built-up Small houses, closely spaced 30-50 12 36 48
Built-up Small houses, average spaced 20-30 8 24 32
Built-up Small houses, widely spaced 10-20 4 12 16
Rural   2-5 1 3 4

Casualty Proportions

Dead to wounded - 1:3

Wounded and requiring emergency aid (per 100) - 15

Hospitalisation (per 100 cases):

  • Major cases (head, chest, abdominal and serious limb injuries) - 20
  • Lesser cases (small operations, concussion, etc.) - 40
  • Minor cases of all kindsWalking cases (not detained) - 40
  • Detained up to 7 days - 20
  • Detained 1 to 2 weeks - 40
  • Detained 2 to 3 weeks - 15
  • Detained 3 to 4 weeks - 10
  • Detained beyond 4 weeks - 5

Possible Ambulance Requirements

(Ambulance, 4 stretcher cases; Car, 3 sitting cases)
Casualties* Ambulances Cars
Up to 8 1 -
9-14 1 1
15-22 2 1
23-30 3 1
31-36 3 2
37-42 3 3
43-50 4 3
51-58 5 3
59-66 6 3
67-72 6 4
73-80 7 4
81-86 7 5
87-94 8 5
95-100 8 6
* Total number of casualties (major and minor) at area of damage.

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Standards of Protection

(1) High Explosive (500 Ib. medium-case bomb bursting 50 ft. away).

Material Direction of Burst
Level Overhead
Mild steel plate 1½in. 5/16in.
Reinforced concrete 12in. 6in.
Brickwork or masonry 13½in.  
Unreinforced concrete 15in.  
Ballast or broken stone 24in. 18in.
Earth or sand 30in. 18in.
Solidly stacked timber 36in.  

Note: A well-built two-storey house should provide adequate protection on the ground floor, so long as the ceiling of any refuge room is strutted to withstand debris load in the event of collapse.

(2) Gamma Flash (to reduce gamma flash below a concentration which would be injurious to health):

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Recognised CD Abbreviations

AMB Ambulance QRCD Qualified Reconnaissance Officer, Civil Defence
CWD Civilian War Dead QRP Qualified Reconnaissance Officer, Police
D/C Decontamination RP Rescue Party
DCO Damage Control Officer RP/E Repair Party Electricity
DPC Director Public Cleansing RP/G Repair Party Gas
DPL Dry Pipe Line RP/R Repair Party Roads
EWS Static Water RP/TELE Repair Party Telephones
GIO Gas Identification Officer RP/W Repair Party Water
IB Incendiary Bomb SAO Special Action Officer
MAP Mobile Aid Post SRO Station Rescue Officer
M/C Motor Car UFM Unfiltered Water Mains
PGP Poison Gas Persistent UXB Unexploded Bomb
PGNP Poison Gas Non-persistent    
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